![]() Users can upvote or downvote responses they receive from ChatGPT and fill in a text field with additional feedback. OpenAI collects data from ChatGPT users to train and fine-tune the service further. ![]() Scientists of University of California, Riverside, estimate that a series of promts to ChatGPT needs approximately 500 milliliters of water for Microsoft servers cooling. Following the success of ChatGPT, Microsoft dramatically upgraded the OpenAI infrastructure in 2023. ĬhatGPT initially used a Microsoft Azure supercomputing infrastructure, powered by Nvidia GPUs, that Microsoft built specifically for OpenAI and that reportedly cost "hundreds of millions of dollars". OpenAI's outsourcing partner was Sama, a training-data company based in San Francisco, California. The outsourced laborers were exposed to "toxic" and traumatic content one worker described the assignment as "torture". These labels were used to train a model to detect such content in the future. sexual abuse, violence, racism, sexism, etc.), OpenAI used outsourced Kenyan workers earning less than $2 per hour to label harmful content. Time magazine revealed that to build a safety system against harmful content (e.g. These rankings were used to create "reward models" that were used to fine-tune the model further by using several iterations of Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO). In the reinforcement learning stage, human trainers first ranked responses that the model had created in a previous conversation. In the case of supervised learning, the trainers played both sides: the user and the AI assistant. Both approaches employed human trainers to improve model performance. The fine-tuning process leveraged both supervised learning as well as reinforcement learning in a process called reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). TrainingĬhatGPT is based on particular GPT foundation models, namely GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, that were fine-tuned to target conversational usage. ![]() Some observers expressed concern over the potential of ChatGPT to displace or atrophy human intelligence and its potential to enable plagiarism or fuel misinformation. Microsoft launched its Bing Chat based on OpenAI's GPT-4. Within months, Google, Baidu, and Meta accelerated the development of their competing products: Bard, Ernie Bot, and LLaMA. In contrast, the more advanced GPT-4 based version and priority access to newer features are provided to paid subscribers under the commercial name "ChatGPT Plus".īy January 2023, it had become what was then the fastest-growing consumer software application in history, gaining over 100 million users and contributing to OpenAI's valuation growing to US$29 billion. It allows users on its free tier to access the GPT-3.5-based version. ChatGPT was released as a freely available research preview, but due to its popularity, OpenAI now operates the service on a freemium model. ĬhatGPT is built upon GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 -members of OpenAI's proprietary series of generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) models, based on the transformer architecture developed by Google -and it is fine-tuned for conversational applications using a combination of supervised and reinforcement learning techniques. Successive prompts and replies, known as prompt engineering, are considered at each conversation stage as a context. Equipped with advanced algorithms, it can now analyze and manage its exchanges in a more advanced way than before.ChatGPT, which stands for Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer, is a large language model–based chatbot developed by OpenAI and launched on November 30, 2022, which enables users to refine and steer a conversation towards a desired length, format, style, level of detail, and language used. Thanks to the constant progress of Artificial Intelligence, the Conversational Agent gains in autonomy. ![]() Initially, the Chatbot could only answer questions for which it was programmed. As a general rule, this virtual assistant is used to relieve the customer service telephone channel by answering time-consuming requests in an automated and rapid manner (request for follow-up on an order, availability of a product, etc.). The tasks and functionalities of the Chatbot vary according to the company’s sector and the common demands of the users. This type of computer program is widely used by many companies to facilitate contact with customers. The exchanges can be vocal (Siri, Google Home, Cortana…) or textual (OUIbot, JAM…). A Conversational Agent (also called Chatbot) is a virtual assistant that simulates a dialogue with a user.
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